EMT Practice Test

1. Question Content...

---

Question1: The "hero procedure" refers to a contingency in which an individual, or small group, earns a reward for a class. This procedure is an example of what type of group contingency?

Question2: Which is the BEST description of the results obtained during the second session of the baseline condition?

Question3: What type of analysis should be conducted to determine the amount of a particular stimulus provided on any given trial that will serve as an effective reinforcer?

Question4: Unwanted side-effects associated with the use of an extinction procedure are MOST likely to appear:

Question5: Reviewing written documentation of a student's life and behavior is one method used for collecting information when conducting A.

Question6: Observation sessions should be scheduled so that the representativeness of the data can be maximized.
Considering behaviors occurring in a school setting, which of the following options is consistent with this recommendation?

Question7: An extinction procedure involves:

Question8: When determining the specified time interval to prescribe at the start of a DRO intervention, which of the following dimensions of the target behavior is MOST relevant?

Question9: A behavior analyst and others are planning to identify long term outcomes for Mike. Assuming all of the following are relevant to Mike, which is the BEST long term outcome?

Question10: Andrea has limited speech abilities. She has been attending speech therapy and is required to perform speech exercises at home. Other than her training sessions, Andrea chooses to remain essentially non- verbal. One evening, Andrea's sister called to invite Andrea on an outing. Andrea listened to her sister's invitation over the phone and nodded in excitement. Andrea's mother pointed out that her sister could not see her through the phone and that Andrea would need to speak so that her sister would know if she wanted to go. Andrea then said, "Yes, I want." This is a form of.

Question11: Which action would MOST likely increase the effectiveness of a punisher?

Question12: Although tests have confirmed that Matthew is not deaf, his mother is worried because Matthew is very slow to respond when she calls to him. Frequently, she has to resort to touching him before he looks at her. Which of the following would be the MOST appropriate for measuring Matthew looking when called?

Question13: When shopping with her dad, Sally knocks items off the shelf, especially canned goods. The cans make a loud noise when they hit the floor. Her dad decides to teach her an alternative behavior.
What alternative behavior is the BEST choice to teach?

Question14: Behavioral contracts must include.

Question15: When Katie was learning how to stir-fry vegetables, her hand brushed the side of the very hot pan and she now refuses to make stir-fried vegetables. Her refusal is a result of.

Question16: Teaching a student a self-talk strategy consisting of, "After I use the toilet, I must flush." is an example of.

Question17: When LeRoy sees his father arrive home, he begins to clean his room. Given this information, we can conclude ONLY that the father's arrival is:

Question18: Which characteristic of the response measure shown in this graph changed from baseline during the intervention phase?

Question19: Speed, magnitude, durability and generality of effect are some of the MOST important

Question20: Contingency-shaped behavior is:

Question21: Susan recorded data on a student's fidgeting behavior in the following way: She divided a 10-minute recording period into 10-second intervals and recorded in each interval a "+" if the target behavior occurred at least once. The percentage of intervals of target behavior occurrence was about 45%. The data resulting are most likely to be an

Question22: A major benefit of product recording is that:

Question23: The behavior analyst has had good results with an intervention she designed that makes access to video games contingent upon playing with other children. She now wants to compare the effects of differing amounts of video game access time. She should conduct a

Question24: Which of the following is most likely an example of reinforcing consequences?

Question25: To teach Beth to wash her hands, staff trained Beth in all the steps identified in the task analysis in each session. They also introduced prompts in successive levels if Beth did not respond after a two-second waiting period. Which behavior chaining procedure was used in this program?

Question26: Alonzo tries to run out of his classroom without permission and forcefully resists attempts to stop him.
Behavioral assessment information leads to two hypotheses regarding Alonzo's behavior. The behavior analyst decides to conduct systematic manipulations to determine functional relationships. The MOST important reason to do this is to

Question27: A teacher tells students that completing assignments will help them to do well on the exam. How can the teacher ensure that this will be an effective rule?

Question28: A reversal design does NOT permit an evaluation of an intervention for:

Question29: The rehabilitation therapist wants to determine if the sensory integration sessions are helping to reduce Ed's hand-slapping. What is the BEST method for recording momentary time-sampling data?

Question30: When using an alternating treatments design it is important to randomly:

Question31: A descriptive assessment generally includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Question32: A caregiver says, "Touch your nose." The child accurately touches his nose. The child's response is an example of a (n):

Question33: Imitation training can be made MOST beneficial for clients when it includes a range of.

Question34: A child diagnosed with autism engages in hand flapping almost continuously at home, day care and school. An intervention is devised to alleviate this challenging behavior. Which type of experimental design would be BEST?

Question35: A behavioral assessment indicates that the problem behavior of a young woman is maintained by others bringing things to her or taking things away following occurrence of the behavior. Since the behavior results in physical injury, the decision to decrease its occurrence has been made. Which is the BEST general approach?

Question36: In a token economy, what type of reinforcers are the tokens themselves?

Question37: A mother wants to reduce the amount of time that it takes for her son to come to her when she calls him.
What should be measured?

Question38: Teaching a receptive-identification task falls in the category of _____ instruction.

Question39: What determines the amount of change at each step in a changing-criterion design?

Question40: What does this graph depict?

Question41: One benefit of completing a descriptive analysis regarding a student's in-school behavior is that it:

Question42: Mrs. Carr's 4-year-old son, Jack, often interrupted her and asked her to play with him. Mrs. Carr would tell Jack that she would play later, but she often followed him and played for a few minutes. On a very busy day, Mrs. Carr told Jack that she could not play with him. Jack began to cry and ran out of the room. Mrs.
Carr followed him, calmed him down, and played for a few minutes. This pattern was repeated several times so Mrs. Carr decided to be firm with Jack and to ignore future interruptions. The next day Jack came in sobbing and screaming, "Play now!" Mrs. Carr gave in and played with him. The most likely explanation for Jack's increasingly disruptive behavior is that:

Question43: Jamie and Morgan have similar behavior challenges and similar daily schedules. A behavior analyst has spent extensive time and effort on developing and implementing Morgan's plan, which is proving to be very successful. How should the behavior analyst proceed with developing a treatment plan for Jamie?

Question44: When given by a thirsty person in response to the question, "What do you want to drink?" the spoken word
"water" is functioning as a (n):

Question45: The employees at a group home have not been meeting their supervisor's expectations concerning on- time arrival to work. To address this issue, their supervisor implemented an intervention that allows for each staff member who arrives on time for all scheduled shifts in a given week to obtain an extended lunch break on Fridays. What type of intervention was implemented?

Question46: Two responses (such as putting on a sweater and lighting a fire) that produce the same result describe.

Question47: A behavior analyst is developing a generalization procedure for a newly mastered response. What strategy should be included in the procedure?

Question48: By definition, a data recording system is valid if it:

Question49: Behavior that can be directly observed only by the person behaving is called.

Question50: A behavior analyst is working with an adult client, who is deemed competent. There are multiple potential behavior targets that need to be addressed including smoking cigarettes, nail biting, and compulsive hand washing. As a first goal, the behavior analyst wants the client to focus on eliminating smoking but the client would prefer to focus on nail biting. The behavior analyst should.

Question51: When asked by her father to get her glucose tested, Cindy routinely says, "No," and walks out of the room.
She eventually returns and takes the test. The time between the request and Cindy's taking the test is called the:

Question52: Keller's Personalized System of Instruction features which of the following characteristics?

Question53: When providing behavior analytic services to a child in a school setting, a behavior analyst should

Question54: A behavior analyst decides to replicate a published research project but finds that the information provided does not allow them to complete the project without more information from the author. The article violates which dimension of applied behavior analysis?

Question55: An experimental design that starts with a baseline phase, followed by a treatment phase, then another baseline phase, and ends in the same type of treatment phase is called a (n):

Question56: Jim is preparing his doctoral dissertation in applied behavior analysis for publication in a scientific journal.
The editors, in their instructions sent to authors, have indicated that all of the procedures employed in the study must be thoroughly described in order for the article to be accepted. Which dimension of applied behavior analysis BEST supports this requirement?

Question57: Narrative recording is used to compile.

Question58: Jason and Justin sit together and tease one another in class. Often the teasing evolves into Jason and Justin arguing with each other. The FIRST action should be to:

Question59: Which procedure is used in fading physical prompts?

Question60: A mand is:

Question61: Which procedure is the MOST reasonable and effective application of incidental teaching?

Question62: Which does NOT increase the effectiveness of punishment?

Question63: Tony is supervising a work crew at the post office. Every day, his clients are supposed to check each waste bin and empty those that contain trash. Tony takes data on the number of waste bins emptied by the crew. In order to report data in terms of percentage of occurrence Tony MUST also know:

Question64: To definitively identify effective reinforcers for an individual, it is necessary to:

Question65: Frequency would be the MOST appropriate measure for which scenario?

Question66: A teacher gives a student a piece of paper and asks him to draw a picture. To request a crayon, the student looks at the teacher and says, "Crayon." In response to this, the teacher replies, "Say, 'Crayon please'." The student complies with the request and the teacher gives them a crayon. This exchange is an example of.

Question67: Narrative recording indicates the following:
Sequence #1:
As Dad goes to change Rita's diaper, Mike screams. Dad puts Rita down, moves towards Mike, and tells him "be quiet." Sequence #2:
Mom is sitting next to Mike when the phone rings. She gets up, answers the phone, and starts talking to a friend. Mike starts screaming. Mom tells the friend good-bye and hangs up the phone. She then goes to Mike and tells him to stop screaming.
Which is the MOST plausible hypothesis? Mom and Dad's behavior is most likely

Question68: The behavior analyst reviews Sandra's data and concludes that her behavior is spontaneous; that is, it occurs randomly, and not as a result of any other event(s).
Which of the assumptions underlying behavior analysis has been violated in this interpretation?

Question69: What is the next step in the assessment process if data from the functional analysis do NOT support the original hypothesis?

Question70: An approach to reducing problem behavior called __________ involves providing reinforcers on a (n)
__________ schedule regardless of the occurrence of the problem behavior.

Question71: Wilma argues with her coworker, who shares the same workstation. Even though Wilma and her coworker can articulate the workplace rules, repeated instructions to cease this behavior have gone unheeded and they are becoming enemies. What would be the MOST appropriate antecedent-based solution?

Question72: Once a stimulus has been determined to function as a reinforcer in a particular contingency, which of the following is likely to be true?

Question73: A behavior analyst is conducting research on the accuracy of a student's responding to written math problems based on the final answer with no scoring of intermediate calculations. Which is the BEST method for obtaining accurate inter-observer agreement results?

Question74: When a child is taught to perform a certain behavior in the presence of certain specific stimuli, and not in the presence of other stimuli, this procedure is called.

Question75: Robert has been referred because he is losing significant amounts of weight due to refusal of most foods.
What should the behavior analyst consider first?

Question76: The BEST definition for mouthing behavior would be any instance of Luke.

Question77: In order to obtain the GREATEST increase in the value of an identified reinforcer after satiation has occurred, the behavior analyst should.

Question78: Jimmy is watching his favorite Saturday morning cartoon and playing with his train set. The cat walks past him and he pulls its tail. Jimmy's mother takes away one of his train cars. This is an example of.

Question79: When setting criteria for behavior change, behavior analysts attempt to implement the simplest mode of intervention necessary to elicit the desired outcome. As such, the identified outcome criteria should be

Question80: Missy is using a multiple probe across participants design to evaluate the effects of peer tutoring to teach three students to complete division problems. These three students have had no prior instruction in division. Missy MOST LIKELY chose a multiple probe design rather than a multiple baseline design because.

Question81: A child's behavior is being reinforced on a VR 8 schedule during intensive teaching. During the sessions, the child begins to get out of the chair. In order to address this problem, the behavior analyst should switch to which schedule?

Question82: Which of the following measures would be the MOST appropriate for reporting head banging during each
5-minute interval of work?

Question83: Response prompts are supplementary _________ stimuli that _________ the likelihood that the target behavior will be emitted.

Question84: The use of a withdrawal design is LEAST appropriate when:

Question85: Interval recording provides an estimate of which two measures of behavior?

Question86: Interventions designed to weaken a behavior should include.

Question87: Holly is learning to use a spoon to feed herself. Applesauce is known to function as a reinforcer. Her teacher has selected the following objective for Holly: "Given a spoon and a 3-ounce dish of applesauce, Holly will independently scoop the applesauce to her mouth." This objective is incomplete. Which component is missing?

Question88: Reinforcing closer and closer approximations to the final desired behavior involves:

Question89: If B is behavior, R is reinforcement, and 1 and 2 are the alternatives of a concurrent schedule, then would imply that the:

Question90: A person "getting wet" in the rain is NOT considered an occurrence of behavior because "getting wet"

Question91: As the latency between the targeted behavior and delivery of consequences increases, which is MORE likely?

Question92: Carlos participated in a toothbrushing skill acquisition program. When he started the program, he needed physical assistance to perform each step. After two weeks, he met all objectives and was able to complete each step independently. The program involved the use of graduated guidance, praise, and token reinforcement. In the future, the behavior analyst would like to examine which procedures made the program most effective (i.e., guidance, praise, or token reinforcement). To determine this, the behavior analyst could use a

Question93: A reliable measure is one that is:

Question94: The reinforcement schedule that produces a high steady rate of responding is:

Question95: Which measurement would be MOST useful when evaluating a procedure designed to teach a person to respond at a uniform pace?

Question96: The BEST definition for head banging would be any instance of Susan:

Question97: Abigale is in her preschool classroom where she sees a toy named Elmo on a shelf and then says, "Elmo." No one drew her attention to Elmo. This is an example of a (n):

Question98: Which of the following would MOST clearly demonstrate a functional relationship?

Question99: For promoting maintenance, which approach is MOST appropriate?

Question100: Based on this data display, what interpretation can be made with confidence?

Question101: When conducting an analogue functional analysis, the condition commonly used as a control is the:

Question102: The response rate for this cumulative record would BEST be described as:

Question103: The matching law states that when responding is reinforced on concurrent VI-20 and VI-50 schedules, the:

Question104: Considering the potential impact of behavioral contrast, what is a likely outcome when there is an effective program targeting compliance at school when no formal program is implemented at home? Compliance at home would be predicted to:

Question105: Missy has learned that if she is thirsty and wants juice, she says, "Juice" and gets juice. The connection between saying "Juice" and receiving juice is BEST described as:

Question106: The purpose of including untaught items or tasks within a Discrete Trial Instruction program is to assess:

Question107: The most appropriate tool for performing a behavior pattern analysis is a (n):

Question108: A behavior analyst responsible for the evaluation of a behavior change program has been unable to get others to collect data on the targeted behaviors. The others involved, including other service providers, are relying on personal anecdotes and questionnaires to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. The primary consumer reports satisfaction with the results so far. To evaluate the program, the behavior analyst should:

Question109: A change in which of the following could NOT function as a stimulus for triggering an episode of aggression in a student?

Question110: Amanda is evaluating the effects of video modeling on play skills. Her participants often show reactivity when they are observed. The BEST design to evaluate the video modeling is:

Question111: For which of the following would it be appropriate to measure duration?

Question112: A behavior analyst for a local group home has a case involving a person who engages in spitting. First, the behavior analyst conducts a functional assessment and takes a week of baseline data. An intervention is designed and tested for two weeks. The behavior analyst then implements a brief return to baseline, followed by a return to the intervention. This process is primarily an example of which fundamental characteristic of behavior analysis?

Question113: A punishment contingency is LEAST likely to produce which effect?

Question114: A behavior analyst is doing some staff training in a facility. The first step is to have the staff read a "How To" manual. The behavior analyst notices that after reading the manual, staff seem to be doing some things specified in the readings, such as giving praise after adaptive behavior. This is an example of.

Question115: In general, when a behavior analyst is asked to help someone make friends, the behavior analyst should.

Question116: In order to evoke a mand for "cookie," the behavior analyst should.

Question117: A behavior analyst is investigating fixed ratio schedules of praise delivery to determine which is most effective for changing the rate of question-asking by a 10-year-old child. This is an example of.

Question118: If a client exhibits problem behaviors throughout the day and evenings regardless of what is going on in the environment and what activities he/she is participating in, which would be the BEST way to reduce the high frequency and increase latency?

Question119: Which of the following is an example of conditioned punishment?

Question120: In an attempt to promote verbal behavior in her child with developmental delays, a mother is following recommendations to wait for her child to spontaneously make the corresponding vocal response before providing her with the following: cookies, juice, help, M&Ms, chips, milk, sandwich, and "more." The verbal response the mother is attempting to promote is:

Question121: A verbal response to a verbal stimulus where the correspondence between stimulus and response is arbitrary and derived from the verbal community is:

Question122: Mary Lee has been working on compliance. Given the same mand, in a 15-min. segment, Mary Lee complied with her teacher 4/5 times, her speech therapist, physical education teacher and mother 2/5 times. Six months later, given the same mand, in a 15-min. segment, Mary Lee complied with the bus driver 4/5 times, her physical therapist 4/5 times, the lunch lady 4/5 times and the vice-principal 4/5 times.
This scenario is an example of.

Question123: What is a likely benefit of having trained a client to say both "truck" and "vehicle" in response to your saying "fire engine"? The client will now likely:

Question124: Disruptive behavior occurs at a moderate rate and consistent intensity level throughout the school day.
How should the teacher collect data on the behavior?

Question125: Instruction that focuses on speed and accuracy of responding can BEST be described as promoting.

Question126: A teacher's students were asking for individual assistance at a high rate when they were instructed to work independently using their textbooks and other resource material available in the classroom. The teacher posted a "No Questions" sign and systematically ignored the students' questions when the sign was up.
The rate of question-asking decreased to zero. Now the teacher simply puts up the sign whenever the students are to work independently and removes it when the students can ask questions. With respect to asking questions, the sign functions as:

Question127: Trials to criterion is an appropriate measure of which dimension of behavior?

Question128: Marvell is working on a new case with a student who refuses to attend school. Before deciding on a treatment plan, Marvell schedules interviews and observation sessions. This is an example of which assumption of behavior analysis?

Question129: Specifying the hand with which Linda eats, writes, and works is an example of.

Question130: A behavior analyst has taught a student to look at the teacher when the teacher is speaking. Later, the student is observed looking at a classmate when the classmate is speaking. The student looking at the classmate is a result of.

Question131: Which method is the BEST to use when presenting categorical data from a functional analysis?

Question132: A 4-year-old child is lying in bed at night while the parents are sitting in the living room talking to guests.
The child begins to make loud noises. In the past, the parents have gone into the child's room to quiet him.
The parents and guests agree to ignore the child completely and continue to talk. If the parents stick with this approach and the child stops making noises, the parents have successfully used.

Question133: The MOST critical consideration when selecting a behavior change intervention is:

Question134: What is the MOST important measure of behavior when the goal is to decrease the number of cigarettes smoked per day?

Question135: Jim's teacher has taught him to say, "Hello, how are you?" and when he does this, she delivers praise.
Now Jim says this whenever he meets anyone, and some people say,
"Fine, how are you?" What is the natural consequence for Jim's behavior?

Question136: To increase the likelihood of beginning a difficult task:

Question137: The best method for identifying potential reinforcers is to use.

Question138: To facilitate errorless learning, begin with

Question139: Trials to criterion refers to a measure of

Question140: Responses that are likely to allow access to new reinforcers or environments, produce generative behavior, and compete with inappropriate responses are called.

Question141: When developing a task analysis, a behavior analyst would first:

Question142: The teachers have identified bullying as a problem behavior for a particular student. What should the behavior analyst do next?

Question143: When using time out in a classroom, which of the following should be considered?

Question144: A client with a history of escape maintained problem behavior begins to throw the puzzle pieces a few minutes after starting to work on the task. What is the BEST programmatic change for the behavior analyst to make?

Question145: Mark is a 28-year-old man with multiple physical disabilities. The doctor and physical therapist have recommended a variety of positions to benefit Mark's overall health. When Mark is placed in a prescribed position, he yells, arches his back, and bites his wrist. Subsequently, Mark slips out of position. The behavior analyst seeks to help Mark tolerate his positions. Which statement BEST defines a treatment goal?

Question146: When implementing punishment procedures, the behavior analyst:

Question147: When using a changing criterion design, the BEST demonstration of experimental control would be produced if the:

Question148: What must happen for an alternating-treatments design to be optimally effective?

Question149: This graph BEST exemplifies:

Question150: Clifford's lawn work is steady and up to standard as long as his work is verbally praised approximately every twelfth completed mower circuit. However, at times the crew chief is unable to praise his work at that moment. When praise is not forthcoming, Clifford usually stops working. The best way to facilitate maintenance and generalization of Clifford's work, using a self-management technique, would be to:

Question151: The PRIMARY advantage of using a multiple baseline design across subjects is that:

Question152: In order to replace a behavior targeted for change with a behavior that topographically does not resemble the target behavior, which differential reinforcement procedure would be BEST?

Question153: A teacher is tracking the performance of both math and spelling assignments for each of her 25 students.
For feedback purposes, she wishes to display each student's percent correct for both areas using a line graph. What would be the MOST effective and efficient way to accomplish this?

Question154: A child touching a hot stove immediately withdraws his hand. In the future, the child avoids touching the stove. Avoiding the stove is an example of.

Question155: Jamie frequently falls to the floor and screams at school. Preliminary behavioral assessment data indicate that his tantrums are maintained by attention and escape from demand situations. Jamie's behavior analyst wants to examine precisely how attention and escape conditions affect these behaviors. The behavior analyst does not want to conduct the analysis in Jamie's classroom because she would not be able to control for potentially important factors. Relating to this scenario, which statement is TRUE?

Question156: Harley tells a variety of offensive and inoffensive jokes to coworkers at lunchtime who laugh at all of the jokes, telling Harley that he's funny. When Harley tells jokes at the evening meal to housemates, they complain to Harley about the offensive jokes. If the behavior analyst wants the evening meal with housemates to become an S∆ for Harley's offensive joke-telling, she should instruct Harleys'?

Question157: A study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of time-out for physical aggression. The time-out procedure would be considered the:

Question158: For which scenario would discrimination training be an appropriate behavior change strategy?

Question159: Reinforcing "picking up shoe" in a shoe-tying program would be an example of a step in which type of training procedure?

Question160: When using direct instruction programs, teachers are often signaling students to respond in unison and moving through the tasks at a brisk pace so that they can:

Question161: At the point in time when non-contingent reinforcement is delivered, the treatment provider is reinforcing.

Question162: Mr. Winston has developed a reward system in his classroom where only those students who have submitted homework for 5 out of 5 days in the week receive a reward from the "treasure box." This is an example of a (n):