EMT Practice Test

1. Question Content...

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Question1: X exports goods to customers in a number of small countries Asia. At present, X invoices customers in X's home currency.
The Sales Director has proposed that X should begin to invoice in the customers currency, and the Treasurers considering the implications of the proposal.
Which TWO of the following statement are correct?

Question2: A major energy company, GDE, generates and distributes electricity in country A.
The government of country A is concerned about rising inflation and has imposed price controls on GDE, limiting the price it can charge per unit of electricity sold to both domestic and commercial customers. It is likely that price controls will continue for the foreseeable future.
The introduction of price controls is likely to reduce the profit for the current year from $3 billion to $1 billion.
The company has:
* Distributable reserves of $2 billion.
* Surplus cash at the start of the year of $1 billion.
* Plans to pay a total dividend of $1.5 billion in respect of the current year, representing a small annual increase as in previous years. However, no dividends have yet been announced.
Which THREE of the following responses would be MOST appropriate for GDE following the imposition of price controls?

Question3: An all equity financed company reported earnings for the year ending 31 December 20X1 of $8 million.
One of its financial objectives is to increase earnings by 5% each year.
In the year ending 31 December 20X2 it financed a project by issuing a bond with a $1 million nominal value and a coupon rate of 4%.
The company pays corporate income tax at 20%.
If the company is to achieve its earnings target for the year ending 31 December 20X2, what is the minimum operating profit (profit before interest and tax) that it must achieve?

Question4: A listed company has suffered a period of falling revenues and profit margins. It has been obliged to issue a profit warning to the market and its share price has fallen sharply. The company relies heavily on debt finance and is discussing with its banks possible refinancing options to assist with a restructuring programme.
Which THREE of the following are likely to be of MOST interest to the company's banks when they review the refinancing requests?

Question5: PYP is a listed courier company. It is looking to raise new finance to fit each of its delivery vans with new equipment to allow improved parcel tracking for customers The senior management team of PYP have decided on a 10-year secured bond to finance this investment- Which TWO of the following variables are most likely to decrease the yield to maturity of the bond?

Question6: An unlisted software development company has recently reported disappointing results. This was partly due to weak economic conditions but also because of its poor competitive position. The company has a number of exciting development opportunities which would enable it to achieve significant future growth. The company's growth potential has been hindered by its inability to secure sufficient new finance.
To enable the company raise new finance the Directors are considering working forwards an IPO in 10 years and accepting finance from a venture capitalist in order support in the intervening period.
The directors are keen to retain a controlling stake in the company and full representation on the board. They therefore require venture capitalists to provide funds as a mix of debt and equity and not soley equity finance.
Which THREE of the following are most likely to disrupt the directors' plans to use venture capital finance?

Question7: A company is reporting under IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures for the first time and the directors are concerned about whether this will lead to the disclosure of information that could affect the company's share price.
The company is based in a country that uses the A$ but 40% of revenue relates to export sales to the USA and priced in US$.
When the company reports under IFRS 7 for the first time, the share price is most likely to:

Question8: The Treasurer of Z intends to use interest rate options to set an interest rate cap on Z's borrowings.
Which of the following statement is correct?

Question9: Company A is based in country A with the AS as its functional currency. It expects to receive BS20 million from Company B in settlement of an export invoice.
The current exchange rate is A$1 =B$2 and the daily standard deviation of this exchange rate = 0 5% What is the one-day 95% VaR in AS?

Question10: A profitable company wishes to dispose of a loss-making division that generated negative free cashflow in the last financial year.
The division requires significant new investment to return it to profitability.
Which of the following valuation approaches is likely to be the most useful to the company when negotiating the sales price?

Question11: Company A plans to acquire a minority stake in Company B.
The last available share price for Company B was $0.60.
Relevant data about Company B is as follows:
* A dividend per share of $0.08 has just been paid
* Dividend growth is expected to be 2%
* Earnings growth is expected to be 4%
* The cost of equity is 15%
* The weighted average cost of capital is 13%
Using the dividend growth model, what would be the expected change in share price?

Question12: A company currently has a 6.25% fixed rate loan but it wishes to change the interest style of the loan to variable by using an interest rate swap directly with the bank.
The bank has quoted the following swap rate:
* 5.50% - 5.55% in exchange for LIBOR
LIBOR is currently 5%.
If the company enters into the swap and LIBOR remains at 5%, what will the company's interest cost be?

Question13: Company A is a large listed company, with a wide range of both institutional and private shareholders.
It is planning a takeover offer for Company B.
Company A has relatively low cash reserves and its gearing ratio of 40% is higher than most similar companies in its industry.
Which TWO of the following would be the most feasible ways of Company A structuring an offer for Company B?

Question14: Company M's current profit before interest and taxation is $5.0 million.
It has a long-term 10% corporate bond in issue with a nominal value of $10 million.
The rate of corporate tax is 25%.
It plans to continue to pay out 50% of its earnings in dividends and earnings are expected to grow by 3% each year in perpetuity.
Its cost of equity is 10%.
Using the dividend growth model, advise the Board of Directors of Company M which of the following provide a reasonable valuation of Company M's equity?

Question15: An unlisted company which is owned and managed by its original founders has accumulated excess cash following many years of profitable trading.
The Board of Directors is comprised of the four original founders who each hold 25% of the equity share capital.
Which THREE of the following will be significant considerations when deciding on the company's dividend policy?

Question16: A company has forecast the following results for the next financial year:
The following is also relevant:
* Profit after tax for the year can be assumed to be equivalent to free cash flow for the year.
* Debt finance comprises a $10 million floating rate loan which currently carries an interest rate of 5%.
* $400,000 investment in non-current assets is required to achieve required growth, all of which is to financed from next year's free cash flow.
* The company plans to pay a dividend of $150,000 next year, financed from next year's free cash flow.
The company is concerned that interest rates could rise next year to 6% which could then affect their investment plans.

If interest rates were to rise to 6% and the company wishes to maintain its dividend amount, the planned investment expenditure will decrease by:

Question17: A UK company enters into a 5 year borrowing with bank P at a floating rate of GBP Libor plus 3% It simultaneously enters into an interest rate swap with bank Q at 4.5% fixed against GBP Libor plus 1.5% What is the hedged borrowing rate, taking the borrowing and swap into account?
Give your answer to 1 decimal place.

Question18: A company generates operating profit of $17.2 million, and incurs finance costs of $5.7 million.
It plans to increase interest cover to a multiple of 5-to-1 by raising funds from shareholders to repay some existing debt. The pre-tax cost of debt is fixed at 5%, and the refinancing will not affect this.
Assuming no change in operating profit, what amount must be raised from shareholders?
Give your answer in $ millions to the nearest one decimal place.

Question19: A company financed by equity and debt can be valued by discounting:

Question20: A company gas a large cash balance but its directors have been unable to identify any positive NPV projects to invest in. Which THREE of the following are advantages of a share repurchase, compared with a one-off large dividend?

Question21: A company has just received a hostile bid. Which of the following response strategies could be considered?

Question22: An unlisted company.
* Is owned by the original founders and members of their families
* Pays annual dividends each year depending on the cash requirements of the dominant shareholders.
* Has earnings that are highly sensitive to underlying economic conditions.
* Is a small business in a large Industry where there are listed companies with comparable capital structures Which of the following methods is likely to give the most accurate equity value for this unlisted company?

Question23: Two companies that operate in the same industry have different Price/Earnings (P/E) ratios as follows:

Which of the following is the most likely explanation of the different P/E ratios?

Question24: A project requires an initial outlay of $2 million which can be financed with either a bank loan or finance lease.
The company will be responsible for annual maintenance under either option.
The tax regime is:
* Tax depreciation allowances can be claimed on purchased assets.
* If leased using a finance lease, tax relief can be claimed on the interest element of the lease payments and also on the accounting depreciation charge.
The trainee management accountant has begun evaluating the lease versus buy decision and has produced the following data. He is not confident that all this information is relevant to this decision.

Using only the relevant data, which of the following is correct?

Question25: A consultancy company is dependent for profits and growth on the high value individuals it employs.
The company has relatively few tangible assets.
Select the most appropriate reason for the net asset valuation method being considered unsuitable for such a company.

Question26: An all-equity financed company currently generates total revenue of $50 million.
Its current profit before interest and taxation (PBIT) is $10 million.
Due to difficult trading conditions, the company expects its total revenue to be constant next year, although some margins will reduce.
It forecasts next year's PBIT will fall to 18% on 40% of its revenue, but that the PBIT on the other 60% of its revenue will be unaffected.
The rate of corporate tax is 20%.
What is the forecast percentage reduction in next year's Earnings?

Question27: A large, quoted company that is all-equity financed is planning to acquire a smaller unquoted company that is also all-equity financed.
The acquiring company's directors are using the dividend valuation model to value the target company before making an offer.
Relevant data for the target company:
* Dividends paid in the last financial year $2 million
* Book value of net assets $15 million
* Shares in issue 1 million
The acquiring company's cost of capital is 10%.
Its directors believe they can improve the target company's performance in the long term.
They estimate there will be no growth in the first year of the acquisition but from year 2 onwards there will be a 4% growth each year in perpetuity.
What is the maximum price the acquiring company should offer for each of the shares in the target company?

Question28: A company is planning a share repurchase programme with the following details:
* Repurchased shares will be immediately cancelled.
* The shares will be purchased at a premium to the market share price.
The current market share price is greater than the nominal value of the shares.
Which of the following statements about the impact of the share repurchase programme on the company's financial statements is correct?

Question29: Which of the following statements best describes a residual dividend policy?

Question30: A large, listed company is planning a major project that should greatly improve its share price in the long term.
These plans require a significant capital cost that the company plans to finance by debt.
All of the debt options being considered are for the same duration of time.
Which of the following sources of debt finance is likely to be the most expensive for the company over the full term of the debt?

Question31: Company A plans to diversify by a cash acquisition of Company B an unlisted company in another country (Country B) which operates in a different industrial sector Company A already manufactures its product in Country B and has a loan denominated in Country B's currency Company A regularly suffers foreign exchange losses due to volatility in the exchange rate between the two countries' currencies in recent years.
Which THREE of the following appear to be be valid justifications of this diversification decision?

Question32: A company's statement of financial position includes non-current assets which are leased, the tax regime follows the accounting treatment.
Which cash flows should be discounted when evaluating the cost of lease finance?

Question33: An unlisted company operates in a niche market, exploring the west coast of Africa for new oiI reservoirs.
The oil exploration program has been successful in recent years and t now has a substantial amount of oil reserves with a high level of certainty of being recoverable Under financial reporting regulations, oil still in the ground is not recognised as an asset unit is extracted.
The expense of the exploration program has used up all the company's available cash resources.
The company has denied to list or a stock market and raise finds through an initial public offering to finance its drilling program.
Which of the following valuation methods in the appropriate to use in calculating an initial listing price for this company?

Question34: A company is currently all-equity financed.
The directors are planning to raise long term debt to finance a new project.
The debt:equity ratio after the bond issue would be 40:60 based on estimated market values.
According to Modigliani and Miller's Theory of Capital Structure without tax, the company's cost of equity would:

Question35: Company A is located in Country A, where the currency is the A$.
It is listed on the local stock market which was set up 10 years ago.
It plans a takeover of Company B, which is located in Country B where the currency is the B$, and where the stock market has been operating for over 100 years.
Company A is considering how to finance the acquisition, and how the shareholders of Company B might respond to a share exchange or cash (paid in B$).
Which of the following is likely to explain why the shareholders of Company B would prefer a share exchange as opposed to a cash offer?

Question36: A company's current earnings before interest and taxation are $5 million.
These are expected to remain constant for the forseeable future.
The company has 10 million shares in issue which currently trade at $3.60.
It also has a $10 million long term floating rate loan.
The current interest rate on this loan is 5%.
The company pays tax at 20%.
The company expects interest rates to increase next year to 6% and it's Price/Earnings (P/E) ratio to move to
9.5 times by the end of next year.
What percentage reduction in the share price will occur by the end of next year if the interest rate increase and the P/E movement both occur?

Question37: Company A is subject to a takeover bid from Company B, both companies operate in the same industry and each of them demand a significant market share Company B h3S made an of an of $5 per share to the shareholders of Company A.
The directors of Company A do not believe the takeover would be h the best interests of the stakeholders and other stakeholders of Company A due to the following reruns
1. Company B has recently taken ever several ether companies resulting in them breaking up the company and se ling on the assets.
2 The directors of Company A believe the offer of $5 per snare undervalues tie company The directors of Company A are therefore keen to prevent the bid from going ahead Which THREE of the following defence strategies could be used by the directors of Company Air this situation?

Question38: Which of the following statements is true of a spin-off (or demerger)?

Question39: Which of the following explains an aim of integrated reporting in accordance with The International <IR> Framework as issued by the International Integrated Reporting Council?

Question40: The ex div share price of Company A's shares is $.3.50
An investor in Company A currently holds 2,000 shares.
Company A plans to issue a script divided of 1 new shares for every 10 shares currently held.
After the scrip divided, what will be the total wealth of the shareholder?
Give your answer to the nearest whole $.

Question41: Company J is in negotiations to acquire Company K and believes it can turn around Company K's performance to match its own.
The following information is available for the two companies:

Select the maximum price for each share that Company J should place on Company K during negotiations.

Question42: The Board of Directors of Company T is considering a rights issue to fund a new investment opportunity which has a zero NPV.
The Board of Directors wishes to explain to shareholders what the theoretical impact on their wealth will be as a result of different possible actions during the rights issue.
Which THREE of the following statements in respect of theoretical shareholder wealth are true?

Question43: A product costs USD10 when purchased in the USA. The same product costs USD12 when it is purchased in the UK and the price in GBP is convened to USD.
Which of the following statement concerning purchasing power parity is correct?

Question44: Select the category of risk for each of the descriptions below:

Question45: Company A plans to acquire Company B in a 1-for-1 share exchange.
Pre-acquisition information is as follows:

Post-acquisition information is as follows:
* Annual earnings are expected to increase by $4 million.
* The P/E multiple of the combined company is expected to be 12 times.
If the acquisition proceeds, what is the expected percentage increase in the post acquisition share price of Company A?

Question46: H Company has a fixed rate load at 10.0%, but wishes to swap to variable. It can borrow at LIBOR 8%.
The bank is currently quoting swap rates of 3.1% (bid) and 3.5% (ask).
What net rate will H Company pay if it enters into the swap?

Question47: A company intends to sell one of its business units, Company R by a management buyout (MBO).
A selling price of $100 million has been agreed.
The managers are discussing with a bank and a venture capital company (VCC) the following financing proposal:

The VCC requires a minimum return on its equity investment in the MBO of 30% a year on a compound basis over 5 years.
What is the minimum TOTAL equity value of Company R in 5 years time in order to meet the VCC's required return?
Give your answer to one decimal place.

Question48: Listed Company A has prepared a valuation of an unlisted company. Company B.
to achieve vertical integration Company A is intending to acquire a controlling interest in the equity of Company B and therefore wants to value only the equity of Company B.
The assistant accountant of Company A has prepared the following valuation of Company B's equity using the dividend valuation model (DVM):
Where:
* S2 million is Company B's most recent dividend
* 5% is Company B's average dividend growth rate over the last 5 years
* 10% is a cost of equity calculated using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), based on the industry average beta factor

Which THREE of the following are valid criticisms of the valuation of Company B's equity prepared by the assistant accountant?

Question49: Company R is a well-established, unlisted, road freight company.
In recent years R has come under pressure to improve its customer service and has had some cusses in doing this However, the cost of improved service levels has resulted In it marketing small losses in its latest financial year. This is the forest time R has not been profitable.
R uses a' residual divided policy ad has paid dividends twice in the last 10 years.
Which of the following methods would be most appropriate for valuating R?

Question50: Company W has received an unwelcome takeover bid from Company B.
The offer is a share exchange of 3 shares in Company B for 5 shares in Company W or a cash alternative of $5.70 for each Company W share.
Company B is approximately twice the size of Company W based on market capitalisation. Although the two companies have some common business interested the main aim of the bid is diversification for Company B.
Company W has substantial cash balances which the directors were planning to use to fund an acquisition.
These plans have not been announced to the market.
The following share price information is relevant.

Which of the following would be the most appropriate action by Company W's directors following receipt of this hostile bid?

Question51: Holding cash in excess of business requirements rather than returning the cash to shareholders is most likely to result in lower:

Question52: The value of a call option will increase because of:

Question53: Assume today is 31 December 20X1.
A listed mobile phone company has just launched a new phone which is proving to be a great success.
As a direct result of the product's success, earnings are forecast to increase by:
* 5% a year in each of years 20X2 - 20X6
* 3% from 20X7 onwards
Market analysts were very excited to hear the news of the success of the product and future growth forecasts.
Assuming a semi-efficient market applies, which of the following company valuation methods is likely to give the best estimate of the company's equity value today?

Question54: The International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) was formed in August 2010 and brings together a cross-section of representatives from a wide variety of business sectors.
The primary purpose of the IIRC's framework is to help enable an organsation to communicate how it:

Question55: A venture capitalist has made an equity investment in a private company and is evaluating possible methods by which it can exit the investment over the next 3 years. The private company shareholders comprise the four original founders and the venture capitalist.
Advise the venture capitalist which THREE of the following methods will enable it to exit its equity investment?

Question56: If a company's bonds are currently yielding 8% in the marketplace, why would the entity's cost of debt be lower than this?

Question57: The following information relates to Company A's current capital structure:

Company A is considering a change in the capital structure that will increase gearing to 30:70 (Debt:Equity).
The risk -free rate is 3% and the return on the market portfolio is expected to be 10%.
The rate of corporate tax is 25%
Using the Capital Asset Pricing Model, calculate the cost of equity resulting from the proposed change to the capital structure.

Question58: Company M is a listed company in a highly technical service industry.
The directors are considering making a cash offer for the shares in Company Q, an unquoted company in the same industry.
Relevant data about Company Q:
* The company has seen consistent growth in earnings each year since it was founded 10 years ago.
* It has relatively few non-current assets.
* Many of the employees are leading experts in their field. A recent exercise suggested that the value of the company's human capital exceeded the value of its tangible assets.
The directors and major shareholders of Company Q have indicated willingness to sell the company.
Before negotiations become too advanced, the directors of Company M are considering the benefits to their company that would follow the acquisition.
Which THREE of the following are the most likely benefits of the acquisition to Company M's shareholders?

Question59: Which of the following statements are true with regard to interest rate swaps?
Select ALL that apply.

Question60: Company A, a listed company, plans to acquire Company T, which is also listed.
Additional information is:
* Company A has 150 million shares in issue, with market price currently at $7.00 per share.
* Company T has 120 million shares in issue,. with market price currently at $6.00 each share.
* Synergies valued at $50 million are expected to arise from the acquisition.
* The terms of the offer will be 2 shares in A for 3 shares in T.
Assuming the offer is accepted and the synergies are realised, what should the post-acquisition price of each of Company A's shares be?
Give your answer to two decimal places.

Question61: CI IJ has decided to move its production plant to overseas country X.
This would make the product cheaper to produce. The technology used to make the product is very advanced and some of the skilled staff would have to move to country X.
The Production Director has identified that there are some political risks in moving to county X.
For each of the political risks of moving to country X shown below, select the correct method for reducing the risk.

Question62: A listed company plans to raise $350 million to finance a major expansion programme.
The cash flow projections for the programme are subject to considerable variability.
Brief details of the programme have been public knowledge for a few weeks.
The directors are considering two financing options, either a rights issue at a 20% discount to current share price or a long term bond.
The following data is relevant:

The company's share price has fallen by 5% over the past 3 months compared with a fall in the market of 3% over the same period.
The directors favour the bond option.
However, the Chief Accountant has provided arguments for a rights issue.
Which TWO of the following arguments in favour of a right issue are correct?

Question63: A listed company in a high technology industry has decided to value its intellectual capital using the Calculated Intangible Value method (CIV).
Relevant data for the company:
* Pays corporate income tax at 30%
* Cost of equity is 9%, pre-tax cost of debt is 7% and the WACC is 8%
* The value spread has been calculated as $26 million
Calculate the CIV for the company.

Question64: Company A has a cash surplus.
The discount rate used for a typical project is the company's weighted average cost of capital of 10%.
No investment projects will be available for at least 2 years.
Which of the following is currently most likely to increase shareholder wealth in respect of the surplus cash?

Question65: A listed company is planning to raise $21.6 million to finance a new project with a positive net present value of $5 million. The finance is to be raised via a rights issue at a 10% discount to the current share price. There are currently 100 million shares in issue, trading at $2.00 each.
Taking the new project into account, what would the theoretical ex-rights price be?
Give your answer to two decimal places.

Question66: Company Z has just completed the all-cash acquisition of Company A.
Both companies operate in the advertising industry.
The market considered the acquisition a positive strategic move by Company Z.
Which THREE of the following will the shareholders of Company Z expect the company's directors to prioritise following the acquisition?

Question67: Modigliani and Miller are the main proponents of the view that the dividend policy is irrelevant to the value of a company's shares.
They argue that a company that continually reinvests its entire earnings would generate the same shareholder wealth if it engaged in a policy of high dividends and financed its expansion with funds obtained from rights issues.
Which THREE of the following statements are assumptions that are required in order to support this proposition?

Question68: The Board of Directors of a listed company is considering the company's dividend/retentions policy.
The inflation rate in the economy is currently high and is expected to remain so for the foreseeable future.
The board are unsure what impact the high level of inflation might have on the dividend policy.
Which THREE of the following statements are true?

Question69: Company M plans to bid for Company J.
Company M has 20 million shares in issue and a current share price of $10.00 before publicly announcing the planned takeover. Company J has 10 million shares in issue and a current share price of $4.00.
The directors of Company M are considering an all-share bid of 1 Company M shares for 2 Company J shares.
Synergies worth $20m are expected from the acquisition.
What is the likely change in wealth for Company M's shareholders (in total) if the bid is accepted?
Give your answer to the nearest $ million.

Question70: A company raised fixed rate bank finance together with an interest rate swap for the same term and same principal value to pay floating receive fixed rate interest on an annual basis.
Which THREE of the following statements are correct?

Question71: A wholly equity financed company has the following objectives:
1. Increase in profit before interest and tax by at least 10% per year.
2. Maintain a dividend payout ratio of 40% of earnings per year.
Relevant data:
* There are 2 million shares in issue.
* Profit before interest and tax in the last financial year was $5 million.
* The corporate income tax rate is 30%.
At the beginning of the current financial year, the company raised long term debt of $2 million at 10% interest each year.
Calculate the dividend per share that will be announced this year assuming the company achieves its objective of increasing profit before interest and tax by 10%.

Question72: A private company was formed five years ago and is currently owned and managed by its five founders. The founders, who each own the same number of shares have generally co-operated effectively but there have also been a number of areas where they have disagreed The company has grown significantly over this period by re-investing its earnings into new investments which have produced excellent returns The founders are now considering an Initial Public Offering by listing 70% of the shares on the local stock exchange Which THREE of the following statements about the advantages of a listing are valid?

Question73: A private company manufactures goods for export, the goods are priced in foreign currency B$.
The company is partly owned by members of the founding family and partly by a venture capitalist who is helping to grow the business rapidly in preparation for a planned listing in three years' time.
The company therefore has significant long term exposure to the B$.
This exposure is hedged up to 24 months into the future based on highly probable forecast future revenue streams.
The company does not apply hedge accounting and this has led to high volatility in reported earnings.
Which of the following best explains why external consultants have recently advised the company to apply hedge accounting?

Question74: MAN is a manufacturing company that is based in country M and sells almost exclusively to customers in country M, priced in the local currency, M$.
MAN wishes to expand the business by acquiring a company that manufactures similar products but has a more global customer base. It is particularly interested in selling to customers in country P, which uses currency P$ but recognises that the P$ is generally quite volatile against the M$.
Country P uses the same language as country M, has free entry of labour from country M, no exchange controls or withholding tax and a favourable double tax treaty.
Which of the following companies would be most suitable takeover candidates for MAN to investigate further?

Question75: A company in country T is considering either exporting its product directly to customers in country P or establishing a manufacturing subsidiary in country P.
The corporate tax rate in country T is 20% and 25% tax depreciation allowances are available Which TIIRCC of the following would be considered advantages of establishing a subsidiary in country T?

Question76: A UK based company is considering investing GBP1 ,000,000 in a project it the USA. It is anticipated that the project will yield net cash inflows of USD580.000 each year for the next three years. These surplus cash flows will be remitted to the UK at the end of each year.
Currently GBP1.00 is worth USD1.30.
The expected inflation rates in the two countries ever the next four years are 2% in the UK and 4% in the USA.
Applying the purchasing power parity theory, which of the following represents the expected remittance at the end of year three, in GBP whole the nearest whole GBP)?

Question77: A listed company is considering either a one-off special divided or a share repurchase scheme to reduce its surplus cash level.
Identify TWO advantages that a one-off special payment has over a share repurchase scheme.

Question78: A company is in the process of issuing a 10 year $100 million bond and is considering using an interest rate swap to change the interest profile on some or all of the $100 million new finance.
The company has a target fixed versus floating rate debt profile of 1:1. Before issuing the bond its debt profile was as follows:

Which of the following is the most appropriate interest rate swap structure for the company?

Question79: A company has 8% convertible bonds in issue. The bonds are convertible in 3 years time at a ratio of 20 ordinary shares per $100 nominal value bond.
Each share:
* has a current market value of $5.60
* is expected to grow at 5% each year
What is the expected conversion value of each $100 nominal value bond in 3 years' time?

Question80: A company wishes to raise additional debt finance and is assessing the impact this will have on key ratios.
The following data currently applies:
* Profit before interest and tax for the current year is $500,000
* Long term debt of $300,000 at a fixed interest rate of 5%
* 250,000 shares in issue with a share price of $8
The company plans to borrow an additional $200,000 on the first day of the year to invest in new project which will improve annual profit before interest and tax by $24,000.
The additional debt would carry an interest rate of 3%.
Assume the number of shares in issue remain constant but the share price will increase to $8.50 after the investment.
The rate of corporate income tax is 30%.
After the investment, which of the following statements is correct?

Question81: A company is currently all-equity financed with a cost of equity of 8%.
It plans to raise debt with a pre-tax cost of 4% in order to buy back equity shares.
After the buy-back, the debt-to-equity ratio at market values will be 1 to 2.
The corporate income tax rate is 30%.
Which of the following represents the company's cost of equity after the buy-back according to Modigliani and Miller's Theory of Capital Structure with taxes?

Question82: Company A is a listed company that produces pottery goods which it sells throughout Europe. The pottery is then delivered to a network of self employed artists who are contracted to paint the pottery in their own homes.
Finished goods are distributed by network of sales agents.The directors of Company A are now considering acquiring one or more smaller companies by means of vertical integration to improve profit margins.
Advise the Board of Company A which of the following acquisitions is most likely to achieve the stated aim of vertical integration?

Question83: A company has borrowings of S5 million on which it pays interest at 8%. It has an operating profit margin of
20%.
The company plans to increase borrowings by S2 million Interest on additional borrowings would be 10% and the operating profit margin would remain unchanged A debt covenant attached to the new borrowings requires interest cover to be at least 4 times throughout the period of the borrowing Interest cover is defined in the loan documentation as being based on operating profit What is the minimum sales value required each year to avoid a breach of the interest cover covenant'

Question84: Which THREE of the following are likely to be strategic reasons for a horizontal acquisition?

Question85: The ex div share price of a company's shares is $2.20.
An investor in the company currently holds 1,000 shares.
The company plans to issue a scrip dividend of 1 new share for every 10 shares currently held.
After the scrip dividend, what will be the total wealth of the shareholder?
Give your answer to the nearest whole $.

Question86: Company Z wishes to borrow $50 million for 10 years at a fixed rate of interest.
Two alternative approaches are being considered:
A: Issue a 10 year bond at a fixed rate of 6%, or B: Borrow from the bank at Libor +2.5% for a 10 year period and simultaneously enter into a 10 year interest rate swap.
Current 10 year swap rates against Libor are 4.0% - 4.2%.
What is the difference in the net interest cost between the two alternative approaches?

Question87: M is an accountant who wishes to take out a forward rate agreement as a hedging instrument but the company treasurer has advised that a short-term interest rate future would be a better option.
Which of the following is true of a short-term interest rate

Question88: Company T has 1,000 million shares in issue with a current share price of $10 each.
Company V has 300 million shares in issue with a current share price of $5 each.
Company T is considering acquiring Company V.
Total synergy gains of $100 million have been estimated.
The purchase of Company V's shares would be by cash at a 10% premium above the current share price.
In seeking approval for the acquisition, the likely reaction from T's shareholders will be:

Question89: A national airline has made an offer to acquire a smaller airline in the same country.
Which of the following would be of most concern to the competition authorities?

Question90: The directors of a unlisted manufacturing company have prepared a valuation of their company using the price-earning method.
Their calculation is:
Value if the company's equity = $6 million x 10 =$60 million where.
* $6 million is the company's reported profit before interested and tax in the most recent accounting period and
* 10 is the average price-earnings ratio for all listed companies
Which THREE of the following are weakness of this valuation?

Question91: Select the most appropriate divided for each of the following statements:

Question92: A listed company is financed by debt and equity.
If it increases the proportion of debt in its capital structure it would be in danger of breaching a debt covenant imposed by one of its lenders.
The following data is relevant:

The company now requires $800 million additional funding for a major expansion programme.
Which of the following is the most appropriate as a source of finance for this expansion programme?

Question93: XYZ is a multi-national group with subsidiary AA in Country A and subsidiary BB in Country B.
The capital structures of AA and BB are set up to take advantage of the lower tax rate in Country A Thin capitalisation rules in Country B will limit the ability for either AA or BB to claim tax relief on:

Question94: Company J plans to acquire Company K, an unlisted company whose equity is to be valued using a P/E ratio approach.
A listed company has been identified which is very similar to Company K and which can be used as a proxy.
However, the growth prospects of Company K are higher than those of the proxy.
The Directors of Company J are aware that certain adjustments will be necessary to the proxy company's P/E ratio in order to obtain a more reliable valuation.
The following adjustments have been agreed:
* 20% due to Company K being unlisted.
* 15% to allow for the growth rate difference.
The total adjustment to the proxy p/e ratio is:

Question95: Company A is planning to acquire Company B.
Both companies are listed and are of similar size based on market capitalisation No approach has yet been made to Company B's shareholders as the directors of Company A are undecided about the most suitable method of financing the offer Two methods are under consideration a share exchange or a cash offer financed by debt.
Company A currently has a gearing ratio (debt to debt plus equity) of 30% based on market values. The average gearing ratio (debt to debt plus equity) for the industry is 50% Although no formal offer has been made there have been market rumours of the proposed bid. which is seen as favorable to Company A.
As a consequence. Company As share price has risen over the past few weeks while Company B's share price has fallen.
Which THREE of the following statements are most likely to be correct?

Question96: A company is financed as follows:
* 400 million $1 shares quoted at $3.00 each.
* $800 million 5% bonds quoted at par.
The company plans to raise $200 million long term debt to finance a project with a net present value of
$100 million.
The bank that is providing the debt is insisting on a maximum gearing level covenant.
Gearing will be based on market values and calculated as debt/(debt + equity).
What is the lowest figure for the gearing covenant that the bank could impose without the company breaching the agreement?

Question97: An entity prepares financial statements to 31 December each year. The following data applies:
1 December 20X0
* The entity purchased some inventory for $400,000.
* In order to protect the inventory against adverse changes in fair value the entity entered into a futures contract to sell the inventory for a fixed price on 31 January 20X1.
* The entity designated this contract as a fair value hedge of the value of the inventory.
31 December 20X0
* The inventory had a fair value of $480,000 and the futures contract had a fair value of $75,000 (a financial liability).
What will be the impact on the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the year ended
31 December 20X0 in respect of the change in the value of the inventory and the futures contract?

Question98: A company is considering taking out $10.000,000 of floating rate bank borrowings to finance a new project.
The current rate available to the company on floating rate barrowings is 8%. The borrowings contain a covenant based on an interested cover of 5 times.
The project is expected to generate the following results:

At what interest rate on the floating rate borrowings is the bank covenant first breached?