EMT Practice Test

1. Question Content...

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Question1: A Machine Learning Specialist is building a logistic regression model that will predict whether or not a person will order a pizza. The Specialist is trying to build the optimal model with an ideal classification threshold.
What model evaluation technique should the Specialist use to understand how different classification thresholds will impact the model's performance?

Question2: A Machine Learning Specialist has built a model using Amazon SageMaker built-in algorithms and is not getting expected accurate results The Specialist wants to use hyperparameter optimization to increase the model's accuracy Which method is the MOST repeatable and requires the LEAST amount of effort to achieve this?

Question3: A retail company intends to use machine learning to categorize new products A labeled dataset of current products was provided to the Data Science team The dataset includes 1 200 products The labeled dataset has
15 features for each product such as title dimensions, weight, and price Each product is labeled as belonging to one of six categories such as books, games, electronics, and movies.
Which model should be used for categorizing new products using the provided dataset for training?

Question4: Amazon Connect has recently been tolled out across a company as a contact call center The solution has been configured to store voice call recordings on Amazon S3 The content of the voice calls are being analyzed for the incidents being discussed by the call operators Amazon Transcribe is being used to convert the audio to text, and the output is stored on Amazon S3 Which approach will provide the information required for further analysis?

Question5: A company is using Amazon Polly to translate plaintext documents to speech for automated company announcements However company acronyms are being mispronounced in the current documents How should a Machine Learning Specialist address this issue for future documents'?

Question6: A Machine Learning Specialist built an image classification deep learning model. However the Specialist ran into an overfitting problem in which the training and testing accuracies were 99% and 75%r respectively.
How should the Specialist address this issue and what is the reason behind it?

Question7: An employee found a video clip with audio on a company's social media feed. The language used in the video is Spanish. English is the employee's first language, and they do not understand Spanish. The employee wants to do a sentiment analysis.
What combination of services is the MOST efficient to accomplish the task?

Question8: A large consumer goods manufacturer has the following products on sale
* 34 different toothpaste variants
* 48 different toothbrush variants
* 43 different mouthwash variants
The entire sales history of all these products is available in Amazon S3 Currently, the company is using custom-built autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models to forecast demand for these products The company wants to predict the demand for a new product that will soon be launched Which solution should a Machine Learning Specialist apply?

Question9: A large mobile network operating company is building a machine learning model to predict customers who are likely to unsubscribe from the service. The company plans to offer an incentive for these customers as the cost of churn is far greater than the cost of the incentive.
The model produces the following confusion matrix after evaluating on a test dataset of 100 customers:
Based on the model evaluation results, why is this a viable model for production?

Question10: A Data Scientist is developing a machine learning model to predict future patient outcomes based on information collected about each patient and their treatment plans. The model should output a continuous value as its prediction. The data available includes labeled outcomes for a set of 4,000 patients. The study was conducted on a group of individuals over the age of 65 who have a particular disease that is known to worsen with age.
Initial models have performed poorly. While reviewing the underlying data, the Data Scientist notices that, out of 4,000 patient observations, there are 450 where the patient age has been input as 0. The other features for these observations appear normal compared to the rest of the sample population.
How should the Data Scientist correct this issue?

Question11: A Machine Learning Specialist receives customer data for an online shopping website. The data includes demographics, past visits, and locality information. The Specialist must develop a machine learning approach to identify the customer shopping patterns, preferences and trends to enhance the website for better service and smart recommendations.
Which solution should the Specialist recommend?

Question12: A company is using Amazon Polly to translate plaintext documents to speech for automated company announcements However company acronyms are being mispronounced in the current documents How should a Machine Learning Specialist address this issue for future documents'?

Question13: A Machine Learning Specialist is packaging a custom ResNet model into a Docker container so the company can leverage Amazon SageMaker for training The Specialist is using Amazon EC2 P3 instances to train the model and needs to properly configure the Docker container to leverage the NVIDIA GPUs What does the Specialist need to do1?

Question14: A company has raw user and transaction data stored in AmazonS3 a MySQL database, and Amazon RedShift A Data Scientist needs to perform an analysis by joining the three datasets from Amazon S3, MySQL, and Amazon RedShift, and then calculating the average-of a few selected columns from the joined data Which AWS service should the Data Scientist use?

Question15: A Machine Learning Specialist is developing a daily ETL workflow containing multiple ETL jobs The workflow consists of the following processes
* Start the workflow as soon as data is uploaded to Amazon S3
* When all the datasets are available in Amazon S3, start an ETL job to join the uploaded datasets with multiple terabyte-sized datasets already stored in Amazon S3
* Store the results of joining datasets in Amazon S3
* If one of the jobs fails, send a notification to the Administrator
Which configuration will meet these requirements?

Question16: While reviewing the histogram for residuals on regression evaluation data a Machine Learning Specialist notices that the residuals do not form a zero-centered bell shape as shown What does this mean?

Question17: A Machine Learning Specialist has completed a proof of concept for a company using a small data sample and now the Specialist is ready to implement an end-to-end solution in AWS using Amazon SageMaker The historical training data is stored in Amazon RDS Which approach should the Specialist use for training a model using that data?

Question18: A gaming company has launched an online game where people can start playing for free but they need to pay if they choose to use certain features The company needs to build an automated system to predict whether or not a new user will become a paid user within 1 year The company has gathered a labeled dataset from 1 million users The training dataset consists of 1.000 positive samples (from users who ended up paying within 1 year) and
999.000 negative samples (from users who did not use any paid features) Each data sample consists of 200 features including user age, device, location, and play patterns Using this dataset for training, the Data Science team trained a random forest model that converged with over
99% accuracy on the training set However, the prediction results on a test dataset were not satisfactory.
Which of the following approaches should the Data Science team take to mitigate this issue? (Select TWO.)

Question19: A company is observing low accuracy while training on the default built-in image classification algorithm in Amazon SageMaker. The Data Science team wants to use an Inception neural network architecture instead of a ResNet architecture.
Which of the following will accomplish this? (Select TWO.)

Question20: A company's Machine Learning Specialist needs to improve the training speed of a time-series forecasting model using TensorFlow. The training is currently implemented on a single-GPU machine and takes approximately 23 hours to complete. The training needs to be run daily.
The model accuracy js acceptable, but the company anticipates a continuous increase in the size of the training data and a need to update the model on an hourly, rather than a daily, basis. The company also wants to minimize coding effort and infrastructure changes What should the Machine Learning Specialist do to the training solution to allow it to scale for future demand?

Question21: A Data Science team within a large company uses Amazon SageMaker notebooks to access data stored in Amazon S3 buckets. The IT Security team is concerned that internet-enabled notebook instances create a security vulnerability where malicious code running on the instances could compromise data privacy. The company mandates that all instances stay within a secured VPC with no internet access, and data communication traffic must stay within the AWS network.
How should the Data Science team configure the notebook instance placement to meet these requirements?

Question22: An online reseller has a large, multi-column dataset with one column missing 30% of its data A Machine Learning Specialist believes that certain columns in the dataset could be used to reconstruct the missing data Which reconstruction approach should the Specialist use to preserve the integrity of the dataset?

Question23: For the given confusion matrix, what is the recall and precision of the model?

Question24: A Machine Learning Specialist is building a model that will perform time series forecasting using Amazon SageMaker The Specialist has finished training the model and is now planning to perform load testing on the endpoint so they can configure Auto Scaling for the model variant Which approach will allow the Specialist to review the latency, memory utilization, and CPU utilization during the load test"?

Question25: A Machine Learning Specialist is working with a large cybersecurily company that manages security events in real time for companies around the world The cybersecurity company wants to design a solution that will allow it to use machine learning to score malicious events as anomalies on the data as it is being ingested The company also wants be able to save the results in its data lake for later processing and analysis What is the MOST efficient way to accomplish these tasks'?

Question26: A Machine Learning Specialist must build out a process to query a dataset on Amazon S3 using Amazon Athena The dataset contains more than 800.000 records stored as plaintext CSV files Each record contains 200 columns and is approximately 1 5 MB in size Most queries will span 5 to 10 columns only How should the Machine Learning Specialist transform the dataset to minimize query runtime?

Question27: A Machine Learning Specialist is working for a credit card processing company and receives an unbalanced dataset containing credit card transactions. It contains 99,000 valid transactions and 1,000 fraudulent transactions The Specialist is asked to score a model that was run against the dataset The Specialist has been advised that identifying valid transactions is equally as important as identifying fraudulent transactions What metric is BEST suited to score the model?

Question28: A Machine Learning Specialist is working with multiple data sources containing billions of records that need to be joined. What feature engineering and model development approach should the Specialist take with a dataset this large?

Question29: IT leadership wants Jo transition a company's existing machine learning data storage environment to AWS as a temporary ad hoc solution The company currently uses a custom software process that heavily leverages SOL as a query language and exclusively stores generated csv documents for machine learning The ideal state for the company would be a solution that allows it to continue to use the current workforce of SQL experts The solution must also support the storage of csv and JSON files, and be able to query over semi-structured data The following are high priorities for the company:
* Solution simplicity
* Fast development time
* Low cost
* High flexibility
What technologies meet the company's requirements?

Question30: A Machine Learning Specialist needs to create a data repository to hold a large amount of time-based training data for a new model. In the source system, new files are added every hour Throughout a single 24-hour period, the volume of hourly updates will change significantly. The Specialist always wants to train on the last
24 hours of the data
Which type of data repository is the MOST cost-effective solution?

Question31: A Data Scientist is developing a machine learning model to classify whether a financial transaction is fraudulent. The labeled data available for training consists of 100,000 non-fraudulent observations and 1,000 fraudulent observations.
The Data Scientist applies the XGBoost algorithm to the data, resulting in the following confusion matrix when the trained model is applied to a previously unseen validation dataset. The accuracy of the model is
99.1%, but the Data Scientist has been asked to reduce the number of false negatives.

Which combination of steps should the Data Scientist take to reduce the number of false positive predictions by the model? (Select TWO.)

Question32: A Machine Learning Specialist is training a model to identify the make and model of vehicles in images The Specialist wants to use transfer learning and an existing model trained on images of general objects The Specialist collated a large custom dataset of pictures containing different vehicle makes and models

Question33: A Machine Learning Specialist kicks off a hyperparameter tuning job for a tree-based ensemble model using Amazon SageMaker with Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) as the objective metric This workflow will eventually be deployed in a pipeline that retrains and tunes hyperparameters each night to model click-through on data that goes stale every 24 hours With the goal of decreasing the amount of time it takes to train these models, and ultimately to decrease costs, the Specialist wants to reconfigure the input hyperparameter range(s) Which visualization will accomplish this?

Question34: A company is setting up an Amazon SageMaker environment. The corporate data security policy does not allow communication over the internet.
How can the company enable the Amazon SageMaker service without enabling direct internet access to Amazon SageMaker notebook instances?

Question35: A Machine Learning Specialist is packaging a custom ResNet model into a Docker container so the company can leverage Amazon SageMaker for training. The Specialist is using Amazon EC2 P3 instances to train the model and needs to properly configure the Docker container to leverage the NVIDIA GPUs.
What does the Specialist need to do?

Question36: A Machine Learning Specialist is required to build a supervised image-recognition model to identify a cat. The ML Specialist performs some tests and records the following results for a neural network-based image classifier:
Total number of images available = 1,000 Test set images = 100 (constant test set) The ML Specialist notices that, in over 75% of the misclassified images, the cats were held upside down by their owners.
Which techniques can be used by the ML Specialist to improve this specific test error?

Question37: A Machine Learning Specialist is developing recommendation engine for a photography blog Given a picture, the recommendation engine should show a picture that captures similar objects The Specialist would like to create a numerical representation feature to perform nearest-neighbor searches What actions would allow the Specialist to get relevant numerical representations?

Question38: A Machine Learning Specialist was given a dataset consisting of unlabeled data The Specialist must create a model that can help the team classify the data into different buckets What model should be used to complete this work?

Question39: An agency collects census information within a country to determine healthcare and social program needs by province and city. The census form collects responses for approximately 500 questions from each citizen Which combination of algorithms would provide the appropriate insights? (Select TWO )

Question40: The Chief Editor for a product catalog wants the Research and Development team to build a machine learning system that can be used to detect whether or not individuals in a collection of images are wearing the company's retail brand The team has a set of training data Which machine learning algorithm should the researchers use that BEST meets their requirements?

Question41: A Machine Learning Specialist observes several performance problems with the training portion of a machine learning solution on Amazon SageMaker The solution uses a large training dataset 2 TB in size and is using the SageMaker k-means algorithm The observed issues include the unacceptable length of time it takes before the training job launches and poor I/O throughput while training the model What should the Specialist do to address the performance issues with the current solution?

Question42: A Data Scientist is working on an application that performs sentiment analysis. The validation accuracy is poor and the Data Scientist thinks that the cause may be a rich vocabulary and a low average frequency of words in the dataset Which tool should be used to improve the validation accuracy?

Question43: The displayed graph is from a foresting model for testing a time series.

Considering the graph only, which conclusion should a Machine Learning Specialist make about the behavior of the model?

Question44: A Machine Learning Specialist works for a credit card processing company and needs to predict which transactions may be fraudulent in near-real time. Specifically, the Specialist must train a model that returns the probability that a given transaction may be fraudulent How should the Specialist frame this business problem'?